{"id":67670,"date":"2026-07-18T13:29:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-18T13:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topauniversity.com\/?page_id=67670"},"modified":"2026-08-16T08:21:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T08:21:21","slug":"the-retraction-watch-database-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/topauniversity.com\/fr\/the-retraction-watch-database-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 Retraction Watch: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"67670\" class=\"elementor elementor-67670\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2370e04 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2370e04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5941eff elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5941eff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\r\n<head>\r\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\r\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\r\n    <title>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 (Retraction Watch Database)<\/title>\r\n    <style>\r\n        @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Tajawal:wght@400;500;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\n        :root {\r\n            --bg-main: #ffffff; \/* \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 *\/\r\n            --royal-blue: #002060; \/* \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0645 *\/\r\n            --royal-blue-hover: #003399;\r\n            --royal-light: #f0f4fa;\r\n            --panel-bg: #f8fafc; \/* \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d *\/\r\n            --text-dark: #1e293b;\r\n            --text-muted: #475569;\r\n            --border-color: #cbd5e1;\r\n            --accent-gold: #d97706;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        * {\r\n            box-sizing: border-box;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        body {\r\n            font-family: 'Tajawal', sans-serif;\r\n            background-color: var(--bg-main);\r\n            color: var(--text-dark);\r\n            margin: 0;\r\n            padding: 40px 20px;\r\n            min-height: 100vh;\r\n            line-height: 1.7;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .container {\r\n            max-width: 1000px;\r\n            margin: 0 auto;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 *\/\r\n        .main-header {\r\n            text-align: center;\r\n            padding: 40px;\r\n            background: var(--panel-bg);\r\n            border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n            border-radius: 24px;\r\n            margin-bottom: 40px;\r\n            box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 32, 96, 0.03);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .main-header .badge {\r\n            display: inline-block;\r\n            background: var(--royal-light);\r\n            color: var(--royal-blue);\r\n            padding: 6px 16px;\r\n            border-radius: 30px;\r\n            font-size: 0.9rem;\r\n            font-weight: 700;\r\n            margin-bottom: 15px;\r\n            border: 1px solid rgba(0, 32, 96, 0.1);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .main-header h1 {\r\n            font-size: 2.3rem;\r\n            font-weight: 800;\r\n            margin: 0 0 10px 0;\r\n            color: var(--royal-blue);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .main-header h2 {\r\n            font-size: 1.3rem;\r\n            font-weight: 600;\r\n            color: var(--text-muted);\r\n            margin: 0 0 20px 0;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .main-header p {\r\n            max-width: 780px;\r\n            margin: 0 auto;\r\n            font-size: 1.1rem;\r\n            color: var(--text-dark);\r\n            font-weight: 500;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Bento Grid Layout) *\/\r\n        .bento-grid {\r\n            display: grid;\r\n            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\r\n            gap: 25px;\r\n            margin-bottom: 40px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .bento-card {\r\n            background: #ffffff;\r\n            border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n            border-radius: 20px;\r\n            padding: 30px;\r\n            box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01);\r\n            transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .bento-card:hover {\r\n            transform: translateY(-3px);\r\n            box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(0, 32, 96, 0.05);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .bento-card.full-width {\r\n            grid-column: span 2;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .card-icon {\r\n            font-size: 1.8rem;\r\n            margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n            display: inline-block;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .card-title {\r\n            font-size: 1.3rem;\r\n            font-weight: 800;\r\n            color: var(--royal-blue);\r\n            margin: 0 0 15px 0;\r\n            padding-bottom: 10px;\r\n            border-bottom: 2px solid var(--royal-light);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 *\/\r\n        .quick-stats {\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            gap: 20px;\r\n            margin-top: 15px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .stat-badge {\r\n            background: var(--royal-light);\r\n            color: var(--royal-blue);\r\n            padding: 10px 18px;\r\n            border-radius: 12px;\r\n            font-weight: 700;\r\n            font-size: 0.95rem;\r\n            border: 1px solid rgba(0, 32, 96, 0.05);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a *\/\r\n        .feature-list {\r\n            margin: 0;\r\n            padding: 0;\r\n            list-style: none;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .feature-list li {\r\n            position: relative;\r\n            padding-right: 25px;\r\n            margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n            font-size: 1.05rem;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .feature-list li::before {\r\n            content: \"\u2022\";\r\n            color: var(--royal-blue);\r\n            font-weight: bold;\r\n            font-size: 1.6rem;\r\n            position: absolute;\r\n            right: 5px;\r\n            top: -4px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .feature-list strong {\r\n            color: var(--royal-blue);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 *\/\r\n        .references-section {\r\n            background: var(--panel-bg);\r\n            border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n            border-radius: 20px;\r\n            padding: 30px;\r\n            margin-bottom: 40px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .references-title {\r\n            font-size: 1.1rem;\r\n            font-weight: 800;\r\n            color: var(--royal-blue);\r\n            margin: 0 0 15px 0;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .references-list {\r\n            margin: 0;\r\n            padding: 0;\r\n            list-style: none;\r\n            font-size: 0.9rem;\r\n            color: var(--text-muted);\r\n            direction: ltr;\r\n            text-align: left;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .references-list li {\r\n            margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n            line-height: 1.5;\r\n            word-break: break-all;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* \u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 *\/\r\n        .print-area {\r\n            text-align: center;\r\n            margin-top: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .btn-premium {\r\n            font-family: 'Tajawal', sans-serif;\r\n            background: var(--royal-blue);\r\n            color: #ffffff;\r\n            border: none;\r\n            padding: 15px 40px;\r\n            font-size: 1.1rem;\r\n            font-weight: 700;\r\n            border-radius: 12px;\r\n            cursor: pointer;\r\n            box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 32, 96, 0.15);\r\n            transition: all 0.3s ease;\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        .btn-premium:hover {\r\n            background: var(--royal-blue-hover);\r\n            transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n            box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 32, 96, 0.25);\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        @media (max-width: 768px) {\r\n            .bento-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\r\n            .bento-card.full-width { grid-column: span 1; }\r\n            .quick-stats { flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/* ---------------------------------------------------\r\n           \ud83d\udda8\ufe0f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 PDF\r\n        ----------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\n        @media print {\r\n            body {\r\n                background: #ffffff !important;\r\n                color: #000000 !important;\r\n                padding: 0 !important;\r\n                margin: 15mm 10mm !important;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .print-area {\r\n                display: none !important;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .main-header, .bento-card, .references-section {\r\n                box-shadow: none !important;\r\n                transform: none !important;\r\n                page-break-inside: avoid;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .main-header {\r\n                border-bottom: 3px double var(--royal-blue) !important;\r\n                border-radius: 0 !important;\r\n                background: none !important;\r\n                padding: 20px 0 !important;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .bento-card {\r\n                border: 1px solid #94a3b8 !important;\r\n                border-radius: 12px !important;\r\n                background: #ffffff !important;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .stat-badge {\r\n                background: #f1f5f9 !important;\r\n                border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;\r\n                color: #002060 !important;\r\n                -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;\r\n                print-color-adjust: exact;\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"container\">\r\n\r\n    <!-- \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 -->\r\n    <header class=\"main-header\">\r\n        <span class=\"badge\">Meilleures universit\u00e9s arabes<\/span>\r\n        <h1>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628<\/h1>\r\n        <h2>The Retraction Watch Database<\/h2>\r\n        <p>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n    <\/header>\r\n\r\n    <!-- \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a -->\r\n    <main class=\"bento-grid\">\r\n        \r\n        <!-- \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 -->\r\n        <section class=\"bento-card full-width\">\r\n            <span class=\"card-icon\">\ud83c\udf10<\/span>\r\n            <h3 class=\"card-title\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Retraction Watch\u061f<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <strong>Retraction Watch<\/strong>. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n            \r\n            <div class=\"quick-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"stat-badge\">\ud83d\udcca \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645: +60,000 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"stat-badge\">\ud83d\udd13 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 2023)<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"stat-badge\">\ud83d\udd04 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 Crossref<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <!-- \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 -->\r\n        <section class=\"bento-card\">\r\n            <span class=\"card-icon\">\ud83d\udd0d<\/span>\r\n            <h3 class=\"card-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\r\n            <ul class=\"feature-list\">\r\n                <li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a).<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 <strong>Crossref<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <!-- \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 -->\r\n        <section class=\"bento-card\">\r\n            <span class=\"card-icon\">\ud83c\udfc6<\/span>\r\n            <h3 class=\"card-title\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\r\n            <ul class=\"feature-list\">\r\n                <li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <!-- \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a -->\r\n        <section class=\"bento-card full-width\">\r\n            <span class=\"card-icon\">\ud83d\ude80<\/span>\r\n            <h3 class=\"card-title\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\r\n            <ul class=\"feature-list\">\r\n                <li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (JCR):<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <em>Journal Citation Reports<\/em> \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Systematic Reviews) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\r\n                <li><strong>\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>Zotero<\/strong> \u0648 **EndNote** \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0629.<\/li>\r\n            <\/ul>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <\/main>\r\n\r\n    <!-- \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 -->\r\n    <footer class=\"references-section\">\r\n        <div class=\"references-title\">\ud83d\udccb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a (References):<\/div>\r\n        <ul class=\"references-list\">\r\n            <li>Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). (2025). Retraction Guidelines. Available at: https:\/\/publicationethics.org\/guidance\/guideline\/retraction-guidelines<\/li>\r\n            <li>Retraction Watch. (2025). The Retraction Watch Database. Available at: https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/the-retraction-watch-leaderboard\/top-10-most-highly-cited-retracted-papers\/<\/li>\r\n            <li>Wikipedia. (2025). Retraction in academic publishing. Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Retraction_in_academic_publishing<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n    <\/footer>\r\n\r\n    <!-- \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 -->\r\n    <div class=\"print-area\">\r\n        <button class=\"btn-premium\" onclick=\"window.print()\">\ud83d\udda8\ufe0f \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0640 PDF<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d8b8c7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18d8b8c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-796bfda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"796bfda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><u>The Retraction Watch Database<\/u><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><u>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628<\/u><\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 The Retraction Watch Database \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \ud83c\udf10 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Retraction Watch\u061f \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 Retraction Watch. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67670","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 Retraction Watch: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f - \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\/Top Arab University Rankings<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Retraction Watch \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/topauniversity.com\/fr\/the-retraction-watch-database-\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629-\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 Retraction Watch: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f - \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\/Top Arab University Rankings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Retraction Watch \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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